Phthalates analysis in toys using agilent 5977e gcms. Bpa, phthalates, and the law march 2010 argument for more regulation, higher penalties, and outright bans on the use of bpa and certain phthalates has gained considerable momentum. Most recently there has been a strong trend against the use of phthalate containing plastic for use in childrens products and toys. Mechanism of action and cumulative effects of phthalate. Laboratory testing detected phthalates in 9 of the 20 toys we submitted for testing. After san francisco adopted the healthy products, healthy children ordinance which. Phthalates accumulate in dust and can be ingested or inhaled. Determination of phthalate concentration in toys and children. Phthalates are used widely in polyvinyl chloride plastics, which are used to make products such as plastic packaging film and sheets, garden hoses, inflatable toys, bloodstorage containers, medical tubing, and some childrens toys. For toys and childcare articles, the chemicals dehp, dbp or bbp may not be present in concentrations exceeding 0. Toys sold in the indian market have been shown to contain shockingly high levels of lead and cadmium kumar and pastore, 2007 but there are no reports of phthalates in toys from india. More phthalates banned in childrens toys by us government.
Eu phthalates directive requirements from 16 january 2007 the newly published eu phtalates directive 200584ec1 takes effect, replacing the numerous national phthalates restrictions currently in force and the eus rolling temporary ban. Eu expands restriction of phthalates under reach sgs. Suppliers going dehpfree, its easier than you think. Guideline on the use of phthalates as excipients in human. The report describes the results of the project, including the survey of the market and the results of the survey. Other minor routes of phthalate exposure include inhalation, drinking. Phthalates factsheet national biomonitoring program cdc. Aug 31, 2018 phthalates can be breathed in from dust or fumes from any products that contain vinyl, such as vinyl flooring, vinyl seating in cars, for example, and some diaperchanging mats. Phthalates and phthalate substitutes in childrens toys cpsc. Detailed results of phthalate testing in childrens toys.
Phthalates are used in a large variety of applications, from enteric coatings of pharmaceutical pills to emulsifying and suspending agents. Phthalates are also added to paints and lacquers, adhesives. Aggregate exposures to phthalates in humans 1 executive summary phthalates are a family of chemicals that are produced in the millions of tons annually worldwide, and are a principal component of many diverse products that consumers come into contact with at home, at. Exposure trends in ophthalates document on ophthalates for complete citations. Dehp was the dominant plasticizer used globally in pvc due to its low cost. Use only plasticvinyl toys and toothbrushes labeled. Thus, the proposed rule for 16 cfr part 7, prohibition of childrens toys and child care articles containing specified phthalates, when issued as a final rule, would be a childrens product safety rule that requires the issuance of an. The content of phthalates in toys and other children articles for children in the age group 03 years is regulated by the statutory order of danish ministry of environment and energy no. Page 2 trouble in toyland 2012 the cpsia permanently banned three phthalates from use in toys, and set temporary limits on three others, while tests continue. The content of phthalates in toys and other children articles for children. Phthalates and cumulative risk assessment the task ahead 2008.
This document summarizes our preliminary findings on food packaging containing orthophthalates ops and their alternatives, and describes our concerns. They can be found in a wide range of products, including adhesives and glues, electronics, personalcare products, medical devices, tubing, packaging, and childrens toys. Under the eu phthalates directive 200584ec 1 from 16 january 2007, dehp, dbp and bbp will be banned for use in pvc and other plasticized materials in all toys and childcare articles. Examples of phthalates identified in toys, childcare articles. They are also found in some medical products, such as saline bags, feeding tubes and catheters. Publication of this document signals the beginning of a dialogue. Congress placed six specific phthalates under either a permanent or interim ban in certain childrens toys and child care articles in the consumer product safety improvement act of 2008 cpsia. Dehp, dbp abd bbp will be banned for use in pvc and other plasticized materials in all toys and. A toy can be place in a childs mouth if any part of the toy can actually be brought to the mouth and kept in the mouth by a child so that it can be sucked and chewed. The law that prohibits childrens toys and child care articles that contain certain phthalates can be found in section 108 of the consumer product safety improvement act of 2008 cpsia pdf, pub. There is increasing evidence that these chemicals may pose a health risk. Phthalates learn about phthalates and sensitive skin exederm. Phthalates are synthetic chemicals found in every home, in plastic toys, personal care products such as shampoos and lotions, vinyl floors, and shower curtains.
Total concentration of six restricted phthalates in each toy sample total of 6 restricted pht halates gg log scale toy sample us limit 6000 gg. The report is also available as a pdffile from neris homepage. Phthalates are plasticisers that are added to other materials to make them softer and more flexible they are widely used in a range of polymers such as pvc that are found in a wide variety of consumer products including floor and wall covering, furnishing, toys, car interior, clothing, hoses etc. Dbp2 and bbp3 the restriction covers the placing on the market and use in any type of toys and childcare articles. But in india, the uses of phthalates in childrens toys that are available in the local market have been noticed where the soft toys had high level of phthalates than the hard toys johnson et al. Pdf phthalate plasticizers and safety of toys problems and. In an eueeawide project of echas enforcement forum, inspectors found hundreds of consumer products with illegal amounts of restricted chemicals.
Where can i find the law describing the prohibition concerning phthalates. Pdf phthalates are organic substances used mainly as plasticisers in the manufacture of plastics. They are used in a wide range of consumer products including but not limited to plastic containers, personal care products and toys. The most common types of low phthalates include di2ethylhexyl phthalate dehp and dibutyl phthalate dbp. For dehp and the two other phthalates which are classified as reprotoxic, category 2 according to council directive 67548eec1 i. We discuss the availability and similarities in composition of phthalates by comparing our results with reports from other countries. Attention has focused on the use of phthalates in toys and other childcare products and the use of bpa in food packaging and baby bottles, despite the fact. Phthalates are or have been used in wall coverings, tablecloths, floor tiles, furniture upholstery, carpet backings, shower curtains, garden hoses, rainwear, pesticides, some toys, shoes, automobile upholstery, food packaging, medical tubing, and blood storage bags. The toys as well as other articles, which children may put in the mouth. Health risk assessment of selected phthalates reported from a. The extraction and determination of bpa and phthalate. Health risk assessment of selected phthalates in childrens toys.
In march 2018, the world trade organization wto announced a proposal from the european union eu to amend the restriction of three phthalates dehp, dbp and bbp under entry 51 to annex xvii of reach safeguard 5418 1 on december 18, 2018, the eu published regulation eu 20182005 2 to replace entry 51 to annex xvii. The toys and childrens products safety additional safety standards or requirements regulation, made in the regulation february 2014 under section 35 of the toys and childrens products safety ordinance cap. The placing on the european market of childcare articles and toys in soft pvc containing phthalates which are intended to be put in the mouth by babies under 3 years should be banned immediately. For the three interimrestriction phthalates and for other phthalates and plasticizers, the consumer product safety commission cpsc must convene a scientific study conducted by a chronic hazard advisory panel chap. Additionally, the phthalates rule also prohibits childrens toys and child care articles that contain concentrations of more than 0. Phthalates constitute a diverse family of industrial compounds that are by far the most widely produced plasticizers up to date to increase the flexibility. Staff scientist at the washington toxics coalition not so squeaky clean is a washington toxics coalition report for the toxicfree legacy coalition. But scientific evidence suggests that exposure to phthalates which are also used in dozens of other.
Low phthalates include those with 36 carbon atoms in their chemical backbone. Toys with phthalates included dolls, squeeze toys, animal figurines, a tinkertoys component, and a ball. Inspectors find phthalates in toys and asbestos in secondhand products. Brussels, 10 november 1999 ban of phthalates in childcare articles and toys. Spex certiprep app notesample preparation, extraction and. Phthalates have been associated with causing hormonal disturbances, especially in young boys and males in general. Federal register prohibition of childrens toys and child. Rapid, sensitive, and robust detection of phthalates in. Frequently asked questions updated february, 2009 q.
The phthalates restricted from toys and food articles in the eu due to evidence of endocrine disruption, have been the low molecular weight ortho phthalates. Phthalates are also found in modern electronics and medical applications such as catheters and blood transfusion devices. This paper will demonstrate a gcms calibration for common phthalates and the analysis of plastic toy components for phthalate content. Results hdpe toys of the two types of plastic toys discussed here, pcv and hdpe, the hdpe toys showed the lowest levels of phthalates. Federal register prohibition of childrens toys and. The consumer product safety improvement act of 2008 cpsia banned the use of three phthalates in toys and child care articles at concentrations greater than 0. Health risk of selected phthalates in childrens toys vii 311014 exposure assessment evaluation of the exposure of an organism, system, or subpopulation to an agent and its derivatives. Gas chromatographymass spectrometry gcms is an excellent instrumental platform for the identification and quantification of phthalates in plastic toy components. Phthalate in childrens toys and childcare articles. New requirements for phthalates in toys cpsc expands national regulation on the 18th of october 2017, the u. Phthalates are a family of manmade chemical compounds.
These are synthetic compounds added to pvc as plasticizers. Consumer product safety commission cpsc accepted a final rule to change the restriction of phthalates in toys and childcare articles. Phthalate in childrens toys and for the i childcare. Analytical chemical control of phthalates in toys analytical chemical control of chemical substances. People are exposed to phthalates by eating and drinking foods that have been in contact with containers and products containing phthalates. In 2006, the european union banned the use of 6 phthalates in toys that may be placed in the mouth by children younger than 3 years old. Detailed results of phthalate testing in childrens toys testing results toy toy. Every fifth toy inspected contained high levels of restricted phthalates. On august 15th a new standards to carry out analysis of certain phthalate esters in toys and childrens product was issued by iso international standards organization. On the one hand, these toys are great they are inexpensive and their soft, squeezable texture makes them a. Pdf phthalate in childrens toys and childcare articles in croatia. Determination of phthalate concentration in toys and. Phthalates is a large group of chemicals that are commonly used to soften plastics polymers otherwise known as plasticisers.
The decision to restrict the use of phthalates in childrens products, however, is not based on science. Low phthalates are commonly used in medical devices, general purpose pvc, adhesives, inks, and cosmetics. The content of phthalates in toys and other articles for children up to 3 years of age. Survey and health assessment of phthalates in toys and other products for children 5 foreword this project on phthalates in toys, childcare articles and other products for children is carried during the period march to december 2014. Without phthalates, the toy would be inflexible, unsqueezable, and squeakless.
Phthalates help make plastic toys like some rubber ducks and teething rings soft and pliable. In october 2007, california passed legislation banning the manufacture and sale of toys and child care products that contain levels of six specific phthalates of more than onetenth of 1%. The consumer product safety commission commission, or cpsc is issuing a final rule that determines that certain plastics with specified additives would not contain the specified phthalates prohibited in childrens toys and child care articles. More phthalates banned in childrens toys by us government cnn. The most widely used phthalates are di2ethylhexyl phthalate dehp, diisodecyl phthalate didp, and diisononyl phthalate dinp.
Phthalates and childrens products national center for. Acknowledgements the author would like to thank maria mergel, who. Three phthalates dinp, didp and dnop were temporarily restricted in toys that can be placed in a childs mouth and child care articles and have been referred to an advisory panel for further study. The report is also available as a pdf file from neris homepage for sale at. In 2008, the consumer protection safety improvement act permanently banned 3 phthalates at concentrations greater than 0. The federal government said tuesday it will place new restrictions on the use of six phthalates in childrens toys and some childcare products. Phthalates group of chemicals commonly used as softener. The percentage of toys containing phthalates was higher in 20 in comparison to 2012. I think its really difficult to know what is in any of these products, she says. Similarly, dinp, didp and dnop will be banned for those toys and child care articles referred to. In sex toys, phthalates are used to inexpensively produce vinyl pvc toys.
Health risk assessment of selected phthalates reported. The manufacture, sale, or distribution of toys and childcare articles intended for the use of a child under 3 years old, if that product can be placed in the mouth and it contains didp or dinp at levels greater than 0. Phthalates are not strongly bound in these products and can therefore leach out. Guidelines for the toys and children s products safety. Phthalates are a group of chemicals used in hundreds of products, such as toys, vinyl flooring and wall covering, detergents, lubricating oils, food packaging, pharmaceuticals, blood bags and.
No toy or child care article can contain more than ppm of each of the six phthalates. Pirg education fund has conducted an annual survey of toy safety, which has led to an estimated 150 recalls and other regulatory actions over the years, and has helped educate the public and policymakers on the need for continued action to protect the health and wellbeing. Pronunciation of phthalates with 2 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning, 11 translations, 1 sentence and more for phthalates. Sathyanarayana cautions that some products labeled phthalate free were tested and shown to have phthalates in them, though at much lower concentrations than products not labeled phthalate free. Oct 20, 2017 more phthalates banned in childrens toys by us government. In december 1999, the european union eu implemented a restriction on six phthalate esters in toys and childcare products meant to be placed in the mouths of children under the age of three with a maximum concentration total phthalate content not exceeding 0. The production of fumes by these products is called offgassing. Children exposed to toys and other baby products that involve phthalates are under a higher risk to be harmed. On august 30, 2017, the commission issued a final rule determining that certain plastics and additives would not contain the phthalates that the consumer product safety improvement act of 2008 cpsia prohibits from use in childrens toys and child care articles. Phthalates like dehp, dinp and didp added to pvc toys to improve flexibility in soft pvc. Which specific phthalates is the consumer products safety information act cpsia concerned about. Some phthalates have been shown to cause cancer, liver toxicity, kidney toxicity, or reproductive problems in experimental animals.
Phthalates to be limited in childrens toys cbc news. Gcms determination of phthalate concentration in plastic toys. In infants and toddlers, polymer toys softened with phthalates were suspected as a potential source of phthalate exposure via mouthing activities. Inspectors find phthalates in toys and asbestos in second.
Fourteen other countries, including japan, argentina, and mexico, had also banned phthalates from childrens toys prior to the u. Survey and health assessment of phthalates in toys and other. To limit the use of phthalates, many regions have enforced regu. Phthalates are the esters of 1,2dibenzene dicarboxylic acid. Phthalates are a concern for adults, too, of course. Phthalates basically included in the banned for toys category are dehp, dbp, bbp, dnop, didp and dinp. For toys and childcare articles intended for use by a child. Ban of phthalates in childcare articles and toys europa. Phthalates are a family of manmade chemical compounds developed in the last. Pdf childrens toys are made of artificial material often softened by phthalates.
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